Contents

• Introduction
  • The Complexity of High-Energy Processes
  • Event Generators
  • The Origins of the Current Program
  • About this Report
  • Disclaimer
  • Appendix: The Historical Pythia
  
  
• Physics Overview
  • Hard Processes and Parton Distributions
  • Initial- and Final-State Radiation
  • Beam Remnants and Multiple Interactions
  • Hadronization
  
  
• Program Overview
  • Update History
  • Program Installation
  • Program Philosophy
  • Manual Conventions
  • Getting Started with the Simple Routines
  • Getting Started with the Event Generation Machinery
  
  
• Monte Carlo Techniques
  • Selection From a Distribution
  • The Veto Algorithm
  • The Random Number Generator
  
  
• The Event Record
  • Particle Codes
  • The Event Record
  • How The Event Record Works
  • The HEPEVT Standard
  
  
• The Old Electron-Positron Annihilation Routines
  • Annihilation Events in the Continuum
  • Decays of Onia Resonances
  • Routines and Common-Block Variables
  • Examples
  
  
• Process Generation
  • Parton Distributions
  • Kinematics and Cross Section for a Two-body Process
  • Resonance Production
  • Cross-section Calculations
  • Three- and Four-body Processes
  • Resonance Decays
  • Nonperturbative Processes
  
  
• Physics Processes
  • The Process Classification Scheme
  • QCD Processes
  • Physics with Incoming Photons
  • Electroweak Gauge Bosons
  • Higgs Production
  • Non-Standard Physics
  • Supersymmetry
  • Polarization
  • Main Processes by Machine
  
  
• The Process Generation Program Elements
  • The Main Subroutines
  • Switches for Event Type and Kinematics Selection
  • The General Switches and Parameters
  • Further Couplings
  • Supersymmetry Common-Blocks and Routines
  • General Event Information
  • How to Generate Weighted Events
  • How to Run with Varying Energies
  • How to Include External Processes
  • Interfaces to Other Generators
  • Other Routines and Common Blocks
  
  
• Initial- and Final-State Radiation
  • Shower Evolution
  • Final-State Showers
  • Initial-State Showers
  • Routines and Common-Block Variables
  
  
• Beam Remnants and Underlying Events
  • Beam Remnants -- Old Model
  • Multiple Interactions -- Old Model
  • Beam Remnants (and Multiple Interactions) -- Intermediate Model
  • Multiple Interactions (and Beam Remnants) - New Model
  • Pile-up Events
  • Common-Block Variables and Routines
  
  
• Fragmentation
  • Flavour Selection
  • String Fragmentation
  • Independent Fragmentation
  • Other Fragmentation Aspects
  
  
• Particles and Their Decays
  • The Particle Content
  • Masses, Widths and Lifetimes
  • Decays
  
  
• The Fragmentation and Decay Program Elements
  • Definition of Initial Configuration or Variables
  • The Physics Routines
  • The General Switches and Parameters
  • Further Parameters and Particle Data
  • Miscellaneous Comments
  • Examples
  
  
• Event Study and Analysis Routines
  • Event Study Routines
  • Event Shapes
  • Cluster Finding
  • Event Statistics
  • Routines and Common-Block Variables
  • Histograms
  
  
• Summary and Outlook
• Bibliography